Name: Isaac


Date: Me




Student Exploration: Cell Structure

Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes.

Vocabulary: cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, centriole, chloroplast, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, flagellum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleoid, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, nucleus, organelle, pilus, plasmid, plastid, ribosome, vacuole, vesicle

Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)

What are some of the structures inside a cell that help it to live and perform its role in an organism?

nucleus nucleolus cell membrane centrioles golgi body ER smooth/rough


How do you think plant cells differ from animal cells? (Hint: What can plants do that animals cannot?)


cell wall, chloroplast

Gizmo Warm-up
The Cell Structure Gizmo allows you to look at typical animal, plant, and bacterial cells under a microscope. On the ANIMAL CELL tab, click Sample to take a sample of an animal cell. On the dropdown menu, select Centriole.

Find the centrioles (Highlighted in green). ✏️ Make a sketch of the centrioles in the space below. Either hand draw in the space below or edit using the drawing tools.



Read the description of the centrioles. What is their function?


reproduce powers



Activity A:

Animal cells
Get the Gizmo ready:
Check that an Animal cell is mounted on the microscope.



Question: Organelles are specialized structures that perform various functions in the cell. What are the functions of the organelles in an animal cell?

Label: Locate each organelle in the animal cell. ✏️Label the organelles in the diagram below. (Double-click on each box, then add the text to the box and click Save and Close.)






















Match: Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description.



Cytoplasm
Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes.


Lysosome
Stack of membranes that packages chemicals.


Mitochondria
Membrane that protects the nucleus.


Centriole
Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell.


Endoplasmic reticulum
Sac filled with digestive chemicals.


Vacuole
Structures that convert nutrients to energy.


Cell membrane
Passageways where chemicals are made.


Nucleus
Everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane.


Cytoskeleton
Structure that manufactures ribosomes.


Ribosome
Structure that contains DNA and regulates genes.


Nuclear membrane
Package created by the Golgi apparatus.


Golgi apparatus
Small structure that synthesizes proteins.


Vesicle
Sac that stores water, nutrients, or waste products.


Nucleolus
Tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape.

Investigate: Select the Cell membrane. Turn on Show closeup. Read the description, watch the animation, and answer the following questions below.

What kind of molecules diffuse (go through) the cell membrane directly?





How can some large molecules and charged ions get through the cell membrane?





Investigate: Select the Nuclear membrane closeup. How is the nuclear membrane similar to the cell membrane?





Investigate: Select the Mitochondrion closeup. What happens inside the mitochondrion?





Investigate: Select the Ribosome closeup. How does the cell make proteins inside the ribosome?





Investigate: Select the Vesicle closeup. How do vesicles move through the cell?








Activity B:

Plant cells
Get the Gizmo ready:
Select the PLANT CELL tab, and click Sample.



Question: What functions do the organelles in a plant cell perform?

Label: Locate each organelle in the plant cell. Label the organelles in the diagram below. (Double-click on each box, then add the text to the box and click Save and Close.)




















Compare: What structures are present in an animal cell, but not in a plant cell?





What structures are present in a plant cell, but not in an animal cell?





Fill in: Name the organelle or organelles that perform each of the following functions.

A.


convert sunlight to chemical energy.


B.
The


, the


, and the




support the plant cell and help it to maintain its shape.


C.


store food or pigments.


D.


convert food into energy. They are found in plant and animal cells.





Activity C:

Bacterial cells
Get the Gizmo ready:
Select the BACTERIAL CELL tab and click Sample.



Question: How are bacterial cells different from plant and animal cells?

Label: Locate each organelle in the bacterial cell. ✏️Label the organelles in the diagram below. (Double-click on each box, then add the text to the box and click Save and Close.)






















Match: Read about each organelle. Then match each organelle to its function/description.



Capsule
Hair-like structure that the cell uses for movement.


Nucleoid
Hair-like structure that attaches the cell to a surface and can transfer genetic material from one cell to another.


Plasmid
Region inside the cell that contains genetic material but is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.


Flagellum
Outermost layer of the cell that provides protection.


Pilus
Circular piece of genetic material.


Compare: What structures are present in a bacterial cell, but not in a plant or animal cell?





What structures are present in plant and animal cells, but not in a bacterial cell?





What structures inside plant and animal cells look like bacteria?




Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA. Long ago, these structures may have originated as bacteria that were engulfed (eaten) by larger cells.